Tetra-Ethyl-Lead (C8H20Pb) (CAS Number: 78-00-2)

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Tetra-Ethyl-Lead (CH3CH2)4Pb

Other Names: Lead TetraEthyl;

Tetraethyl Lead; Tetra-Ethyl Lead; 

Tetra-Ethyl-Plumbane

T+           N

CAS Number: 78-00-2

EC Number: 201-075-4

UN Number: 1649

PubChem: 6511

RTECS Number: TP4550000

Bellstein Reference Number: 3903146

ChEBI: 30182

Gmelin Reference: 68951

As A Valve Wear Preventive

Tetraethyl lead works a buffer against microwelds forming between the hot exhaust valves and their seats. Once the valves would reopen, the microwelds would pull apart and leave the valves with a rough surface that would abrade the seats, leading to valve recession. When lead began to be phased out of motor fuel, the automotive industry began specifying hardened valve seats and upgraded exhaust valve materials to prevent valve recession without lead. 

As Antiknock Agent

An engine requires fuel of sufficient octane rating to prevent uncontrolled combustion known as engine knocking ("knock" or "ping"). Antiknock agents allow the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and peak power. Adding varying amounts of TEL to gasoline allowed easy, inexpensive control of octane ratings; aviation spirits used in WWII reached 150 octane to enable supercharged engines such as the Rolls-Royce Merlin and Griffon to produce 1500 HP at altitude. In military aviation, TEL manipulation allowed a range of different fuels to be tailored for particular flight conditions, and ease and safety of handling.

The use of TEL in gasoline started in the US, while in Europe, alcohol was initially used. The advantages of leaded gasoline — its higher energy content and storage quality — eventually led to a universal switch to leaded fuel. One of the greatest advantages of TEL over other antiknock agents or the use of high-octane blend stocks is the very low concentrations needed. Typical formulations called for 1 part of prepared TEL to 1260 parts untreated gasoline. Competing antiknock agents must be used in greater amounts, often reducing the energy content of the gasoline.

When used as an antiknock agent, alcohol will cause fuel to absorb moisture from the air. Over time fuel humidity can rise, leading to corrosion in fuel lines. Whereas TEL is highly soluble in gasoline, ethanol is poorly soluble and that solubility decreases as fuel humidity increases. Over time, droplets and pools of water can form in the fuel system creating a risk of fuel line icing. High fuel humidity can also enable biological contamination, as certain bacteria can grow on the surface of the water/gasoline interface, forming bacterial mats in the fuel system. TEL's biocidal properties helped prevent fuel contamination and degradation from bacterial growth.

SOURCE: Wikipedia

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